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Tobacco – The Most Controversial Plant in the World

Published on March 29, 2010 7:44 AM

The history of this agricultural product counts centuries, full of controversy and periods of stable development. Today, even being aware about the risks related to the consumption of tobacco, millions of adult people throughout the world keep using tobacco, in form of smoking.

Tobacco industry makes a considerable contribution in the economy of more than 150 countries, and employs more than 100 millions people around the world, and that is more than the population of Spain, Argentina and Kenia combined. Tobacco taxes account for an important source of income for the majority of world’s governments.

Tobacco is the most widely cultivated non-food crop on Earth. Tobacco growers, the majority of whom leave in the developing countries, prefer growing tobacco because it is durable and grows well even in poor soil and because the prices for tobacco leaves remain stable and high. Farmers are able to gather a nice crop even from a small area of ground, what gives them an opportunity to invest the incomes from tobacco in the cultivation of other crops, including the food ones. Technologies, applied during the cultivation of high quality tobacco, can also help in growing richer yields of other crops. Tobacco provides the highest number of work places per hectare of cultivated land than any other crop in the world.

Types of tobacco

There are several types of tobacco. Virginia tobacco was named after the U.S State Virginia, where it was bred. Sometimes Virginia tobacco is called “brightleaf tobacco” due to its yellow-orange color, peculiar to the leaves cured by heat. This type of tobacco usually grows in the subtropical regions, such as Georgia (USA), Brasilia and Zimbabwe.

The second type is Burley tobacco. During the process of air-curing the leaves become brown in color and contain almost no sugar, what makes it taste similar to the flavor of cigars. It is grown in heavier soils than Virginia and requires a higher amount of fertilizers. The best quality Burley tobacco is cultivated in the USA, Latin America, Uganda and Malawi.

The sorts of Oriental tobacco, the third most popular type of tobacco, are distinguished by small-sized leaves, and its cultivation is requires more labor and time compared to other types. Burley tobacco grows in Turkey, the Middle East and Balkan countries. The leaves of Oriental tobacco have a specific aroma, which becomes even more intense during the process of sun-curing. Besides American blend, the Oriental tobacco is traditionally used in the manufacture of Turkish and Greek cigarettes.

The cultivation and curing

Tobacco can be grown in a wide variety of climatic conditions, it can be grown in an place between the 50° northern latitude and 40° southern latitude. Tobacco is cultivated in more than 100 countries around the world. The largest tobacco producer is China, followed by the USA, Brasilia, India, Zimbabwe and Turkey.

Tobacco seeds are so diminutive that the farmers have to grow them in specially-prepared and secure seed beds during 60 days prior to transplanting them into the fields.

Several weeks after planting tobacco seeds into the field, the farmers raise the earth around the plants in order to protect them and develop the root system.

Today many farmers gather tobacco crops using special machinery, others gather them by hand, either cutting the entire plant, or picking leaf by leaf while their maturing.

The curing of tobacco leaves requires special attention, as namely during the process of curing the leaves acquire the necessary color, features and texture. Usually tobacco leaves are cured by air, sun, fire and flue.

Tobacco – The Most Controversial Plant in the World

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